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- <text id=93TT0575>
- <title>
- Nov. 29, 1993: The Arts & Media:Books
- </title>
- <history>
- TIME--The Weekly Newsmagazine--1993
- Nov. 29, 1993 Is Freud Dead?
- </history>
- <article>
- <source>Time Magazine</source>
- <hdr>
- THE ARTS & MEDIA, Page 76
- Books
- Chronicling A Filthy 4,000-Year-Old Habit
- </hdr>
- <body>
- <p>One of the century's finest military historians surveys warfare
- as mankind's mystery, temptation and oldest drama
- </p>
- <p>By Lance Morrow
- </p>
- <p> Genghis Khan sat with his Mongol comrades-in-arms debating
- the question, What is life's sweetest pleasure? One man ventured
- that it surely was falconry. Genghis Khan--who was not Genghis
- Khan for nothing--answered, "You are mistaken. Man's greatest
- good fortune is to chase and defeat his enemy, seize his total
- possessions, leave his married women weeping and wailing, ride
- his gelding, and use the bodies of his women as a nightshirt..."
- </p>
- <p> The Khan's agenda--war and atrocity--is still pursued, although
- with less candor about the pleasure involved: some tribal or
- nationalist rationale ("Greater Serbia!") is proclaimed. Even
- after the cold war has ended as big-battle war seems to have
- become extinct--the Gulf War perhaps a last set piece of tank
- warfare--parvenu nations tinker in their basements with homemade
- nukes. Even more ominous is the global inundation of handy conventional
- weapons, a planetary democratization of firepower trickling
- down to Third World villages and the hip pockets of American
- schoolchildren.
- </p>
- <p> Margaret Mead argued that "war is only an invention." She refused
- to regard it as an inevitable part of human baggage, the curse
- of the reptilian brain. John Keegan is agnostic in the nature-nurture
- argument. "All we need to accept," he writes in A History of
- Warfare (Knopf; 432 pages; $27.50), "is that, over the course
- of 4,000 years of experiment and repetition, warmaking has become
- a habit." Whether it is a filthy habit or, as sometimes happens,
- a dirty necessity, war obviously has transcendent excitements,
- temptations and mysteries. And it is the oldest drama: the epic
- of the limbic system.
- </p>
- <p> Homer gave to each death in battle a vivid, ghastly intimacy,
- a perfect uniqueness that would flash-freeze the instant: no
- two deaths the same. Keegan has a similar eye for the memorable
- in war. The eye is connected to the mind of one of the century's
- most distinguished military historians.
- </p>
- <p> Keegan shares the usual civilized revulsion at war: a richly
- knowledgeable antipathy in his case. His gaze is clear, steady
- and morally complicated. He has been drawn all his life to military
- culture and the subject of war. Complications from a teenage
- case of tuberculosis left him lame, unfit for military duty.
- But he went on to teach military history at Sandhurst, the Royal
- Military Academy, for many years--a soldier's life by association,
- at an intellectual remove.
- </p>
- <p> Keegan is instinctively sympathetic to warriors and ruthlessly
- unromantic about the specifics of their work. He remembers "the
- look of disgust that passed over the face of a highly distinguished
- curator of one of the greatest collections of arms and armor
- in the world when I casually remarked to him that a common type
- of debris removed from the flesh of wounded men by surgeons
- in the gunpowder age was broken bone and teeth from neighbors
- in the ranks. He had simply never considered what was the effect
- of the weapons about which he knew so much, as artifacts, on
- the bodies of the soldiers who used them."
- </p>
- <p> A History of Warfare represents a synthesis of what Keegan has
- absorbed in more than three decades of studying war, teaching
- military men and listening to them. Like his 1976 work The Face
- of Battle, his new book is alive with sudden, unexpected details
- and delights of knowledge--a treatise, for example, on how
- to make a composite bow, that revolutionary asset of the horse
- warrior; a detour into the institutionalized vengeance of Maori
- warmaking; or a splendid interlude on the effects of geography
- on war, including a disquisition on why Adrianople, Edirne in
- modern Turkey, has been the most fought-over place in the world
- (it stands at the land bridge between Europe and Asia). If Keegan
- spends too little time on war in the 20th century, his unusual
- design--a layering of material in chapters called "Stone,"
- "Flesh," "Armies," "Iron" and so on--permits him to range
- across time and distance to brilliant comparative effect. He
- roams from the Japanese suppression of firearms during the Tokugawa
- seclusion (an early success of gun control, unrepeatable and
- totalitarian) to the Aztec "Feast of the Flaying of Men"; from
- Sun Tzu to Clausewitz (whom he detests as the ideological godfather
- of modern war-as-policy); and from the dark, irrational roots
- of Roman military violence to the question of why the horse
- nomads left the steppe to go marauding.
- </p>
- <p> One of Keegan's charms has always been his independence, his
- sometimes brusque contempt for the merely academic: "How blinkered
- social scientists are to the importance of temperament," he
- remarks while discussing the attractions of warrior life and
- military culture. "I am tempted, after a lifetime's acquaintance
- with the British army, to argue that some men can be nothing
- but soldiers."
- </p>
-
- </body>
- </article>
- </text>
-
-